Abstract

The manifold increase in research and development expenditures since World War II has brought adaptations in the organization and administration of the faculty and other professional personnel in the modern major university. In this period a large-scale mobilization of a major part of the intellectual and scientific manpower in the U.S. has occurred, largely in response to national policy in the areas of defense, health and space exploration. In 1967, federal expenditures amounted to about two-thirds of all research and development expenditures and of this amount, more than 90 percent was provided by the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. A large research "industry" has been created in which major universities have become key participants. In the process, they have acquired new managerial problems including those of managing the activities of the unique resource of the university.