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California Management Review
California Management Review is a premier academic management journal published at UC Berkeley
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Article Information
Ethics and Working with the Japanese: The Entrepreneur and the 'Elite Course'
Gundling, Ernest
33
/
3
(
Spring
1991
):
25
-
39
Ethical differences between U.S. and Japanese corporations and individuals often emerge during the course of normal business transactions and are a source of considerable mutual tension. This article looks at four common cases of ethical misunderstandings, each of which yields a particular type of issue: family exclusivity, gray areas, loyalty, and commitment. It then evaluates the standard dualistic interpretations for such ethical differences-for example, American individualism versus Japanese group orientation-and presents a more dynamic and interactive model based on the linked ideals of the "Entrepreneur" and the "Elite Course" to explain both persistent ethical differences and a variety of countertrends.