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California Management Review
California Management Review is a premier academic management journal published at UC Berkeley
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Article Information
Blue Ocean Strategy: From Theory to Practice
Kim, W. Chan, and Renée Mauborgne
47
/
3
(
Spring
2005
):
105
-
121
*
The market universe is composed of two types of oceans: red oceans and blue oceans. Red oceans are all the industries in existence today; they are increasingly characterized by intense competition. Blue oceans are all the industries not in existence today; they are untouched and uncontested. To prosper in the future, companies need to go beyond competing; they need to create blue oceans. The issue is how to do so. This article presents a set of analytical tools and frameworks that can enable firms to develop blue ocean strategies.